Discovering Temple of Literature: A Unique Cultural Heritage of Vietnam

Temple of Literature, Văn Miếu – Quốc Tử Giám, located at 58 Quốc Tử Giám, Quốc Tử Giám Ward, Đống Đa District, Hanoi, is one of the most prominent cultural and educational sites in Vietnam. Established in 1070, this site is not only a symbol of Confucian education but also a testament to the reverence for great teachers and eminent figures in the history of knowledge in the nation. Văn Miếu serves not only as a popular tourist destination but also as a treasure trove of culture, a sacred and solemn space where visitors can delve into the history, culture, and traditions of Vietnam.

Historical Background

Văn Miếu was built during the reign of King Lý Thánh Tông in 1070, to worship Confucius, the founder of Confucian philosophy, along with his disciples. From its inception, Văn Miếu became a training ground for talents for the royal court, with the first student being the Crown Prince Lý Càn Đức. In 1076, Quốc Tử Giám was established adjacent to Văn Miếu, becoming a school specifically for the children of kings and high-ranking nobles in the court.

Throughout its history, Văn Miếu – Quốc Tử Giám has witnessed significant events and major changes in the country’s education system. In 1253, King Trần Thái Tông decided to expand Quốc Tử Giám, allowing children of common families with exceptional academic abilities to enroll. This marked a significant step in broadening education and enhancing knowledge for the entire society.

Unique Architecture

The campus of Văn Miếu – Quốc Tử Giám is divided into five distinct areas, each possessing its own beauty and significance.

1. The First Area: From Văn Miếu Môn to Đại Trung Môn
   Visitors begin their exploration at Văn Miếu Môn, a grand gate with four imposing pillars, intricately decorated. From here, guests proceed through Đại Trung Môn, featuring three large halls built on a raised brick foundation, surrounded by lush green trees, creating a serene and tranquil atmosphere.
2. The Second Area: Khuê Văn Các
   Khuê Văn Các, constructed in 1805, is one of the most unique architectural features of Văn Miếu. This square pavilion with eight roofs is not only aesthetically pleasing but also symbolizes the brilliance of literature and knowledge. It serves as an ideal spot for visitors to take memorable photographs.
3. The Third Area: The Thiên Quang Well and the Doctoral Bia System
   The Thiên Quang Well, with its square shape and always full of water, creates a beautiful scene resembling a mirror reflecting the surrounding architectural structures. Here, visitors can admire 82 stone steles inscribed with the names of Vietnamese Doctorates in Confucian studies during the Imperial Examinations, a precious heritage recognized by UNESCO as a World Documentary Heritage.
4. The Fourth Area: The Đại Bái Hall and the Đại Thành Temple
   The Đại Bái Hall, where ceremonies are conducted in honor of Confucius, features a structure with three rows of columns and a traditional tiled roof. The Đại Thành Temple, dedicated to Confucius, is the venue for many special cultural activities.
5. The Final Area: The Thái Học House
   The Thái Học House, where talents were trained for various dynasties, has been restored and currently serves as a display area for invaluable materials related to Vietnamese Confucian education and culture.

Unique Cultural Activities

Văn Miếu – Quốc Tử Giám is not just a tourist destination but also a site for many significant cultural activities. Visitors can participate in scholarly conferences, thematic exhibitions, ceremonies for awarding Professor and Associate Professor certificates, and numerous other events such as the Book Festival and Vietnamese Poetry Day. These activities not only help preserve cultural values but also affirm the position of Văn Miếu in the education and culture of Vietnam.

Unique Travel Experience

When visiting Văn Miếu – Quốc Tử Giám, travelers have the opportunity to not only admire the architectural beauty but also learn about the rich history and culture of the nation. Take your time to stroll through the serene campus, visit the architectural sites, and explore the invaluable cultural heritage.

Don’t forget to stop by the souvenir stalls to purchase unique gifts, from books about culture and history to traditional handicrafts that embody Vietnamese identity.

Conclusion

Văn Miếu – Quốc Tử Giám is not only a historical relic but also a symbol of Vietnam’s educational culture. Here, visitors can sense the solemn atmosphere, the depth of knowledge, and the patriotic spirit of the nation. It is not only an ideal destination for those who love history and culture but also a place for everyone to connect with their roots and understand the cultural values of their ancestors. Come and experience Văn Miếu – Quốc Tử Giám, a site that preserves the precious cultural heritage of the Vietnamese people.